DNA is the molecule in cells that contains the information for all proteins in our bodies.
Each new cell that is formed in the body has a copy of DNA from the parent cell in its nucleus. After protein synthesis, DNA remains unchanged. It never gets out of the nucleus. In protein synthesis, a messenger called messenger RNA or mRNA is sent from the cell nucleus out to the ribosome of the cell (also known as the "workshop" of the cell), with a coded copy of information on how to make the protein.
The coded information is then decoded (translated) by transfer RNA which fetches free amino acids from the cytoplasm which are then linked together into a chain, forming the primary structure of the protein.
The process is summarized as: DNA → RNA → Protein.
