What test you taking? Because you should know some of the answers on your own.......... But anyway I'll gladly tell you what your looking for.....
The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the second choice or letter B. "a logical fallacy."
In philosophy, a formal fallacy (also called deductive fallacy) is a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example, propositional logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong.
Hope I helped! And have a wonderful day!
