Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between ions of opposite charges, creating a bond not specific to individual ions. Calcium chloride is primarily ionic as it contains cations and anions held together by ionic bonds.
Ionic bonds are formed between atoms by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, resulting in the formation of cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic forces. This creates a bond between ions of opposite charges.
Unlike covalent bonds, ionic bonds are not specific to one particular cation and anion. In an ionic compound, there is a lattice structure where cations and anions are arranged in a repeating pattern rather than being between specific ions.
For example, calcium chloride, CaCl2, is primarily ionic because it consists of Ca²+ cations and Cl- anions held together by ionic bonds due to the transfer of electrons from calcium to chlorine.
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