1. The least common denominator of 8 and 12 is 24. 8x3=24 so you would multiply 5 by 3 as well. Since 12x2=24 multiply the 9 by 2.
2. Least common denominator is 30. Multiply the first fraction by 5 and the second one by 2
3. Least common denominator is 42. First fraction is multiplied by 7, and the second one is multiplied by 3.