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the study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called

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The study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called Biogeography.

Species are the lowermost level of classification in the hierarchy of classification of organisms. It consists of similar type of organisms that occupy the same habitat and require same resources. The most important criteria to be called as the same species is the ability to breed among themselves and produce an offspring similar to them.

Biogeography enables to study the distribution as well as the reason for distribution of the organisms on different parts of the earth. There are three main fields of biogeography. They are:  1) historical, 2) ecological, and 3) conservation.

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