Darcy's Law is a principle in fluid mechanics which states that the rate of flow of a fluid through a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient and the permeability of the medium.
This law is used to theoretically model the direction of groundwater flow in an aquifer, but cannot be used to decide practical issues, such as whether sufficient groundwater exists to supply a city's needs. It is also a method to determine the degree of water saturation at any specified depth, as the amount of water that can be held in the aquifer is proportional to its permeability.
In its most basic form, Darcy's Law is expressed as:
Q = -KA∇H
where Q is the volumetric discharge rate (m3/s), K is the hydraulic conductivity (m/s), A is the area of flow (m2) and ∇H is the hydraulic gradient (m/m).
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