The minimum length required is 17.91 m when a laser beam starts 10 cm from side a of the container and enters the water at position x.
The output laser consists of a number of very closely spaced, discrete frequency components (very narrow spectral lines) covering a moderately broad spectral range. The discrete components are called laser modes and the spectral range they occupy is approximately the fluorescent line width of atomic transition giving rise to the laser output.
Laser oscillations occur, when the wave within the cavity replicate itself after two reflections so that the electric fields add in phase. In other words, the mirrors form a resonant cavity and standing wave patterns are setup.
In most high power applications for material processing or medical surgery, the laser is used as a mean for transferring the energy to the target. Thus there is no importance for the longitudinal laser modes.
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