There are three ways in which genetic recombination can occur during meiosis: crossing-over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.
Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This results in the creation of new combinations of alleles and can lead to the production of offspring with new and unique combinations of traits.
Independent assortment occurs when the different pairs of chromosomes assort independently of each other during meiosis. This results in the creation of gametes with different combinations of chromosomes, and thus different combinations of alleles.
Random fertilization is the process by which gametes from different individuals fuse together during fertilization. This results in the creation of offspring with a random combination of alleles from each parent.
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