according to the textbook, the use of information and communications technology in corporations has reduced the rigid hierarchical structure of corporations, but, at the same time, it has created

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The textbook claims that the use of information and communications technology in hierarchical structure have been makes a company more productive, efficient, and quick to respond to consumer needs.

An organization's chain of command, usually starting with senior management and executives and ending with general staff, culture is referred to as its hierarchical structure. In other words, organizations with a single leader and a chain of command fall under this structure.

From the top of the organization to the bottom, there is a clear chain of command in a hierarchical organizational structure. Every important choice is made by senior management and culture delegated to lower levels of management. Imagine that someone at the base of the organizational hierarchy is faced with a hierarchical structures decision. In that instance, they must first send the request up the chain of command for approval before making a decision.

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The complete question is

According to the text, the use of information and communications technology in corporations has reduced the rigid hierarchical structure of corporations, but at the same time it has created:

a. a two-strata employment system of technology experts and less autonomous clerical workers

b. telecommuters who are totally disconnected from the corporate culture

c. a three-strata employment system of powerful managers, autonomous technology experts, and less autonomous clerical workers

d. unhappiness among employees who are telecommuters

e. a crisis in leadership at many corporations