Contemporary observers of slavery such as Cassius m. clay and Frederick Law Olmstead suggested that: slave labor was much less productive than white labor
White people resisted and established a black law that restricted the freedom of former slaves. Reconstruction Congress said the former Confederate States must ratify the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution to protect the rights of African Americans.
Slaveholders in the North suffered great economic losses because their slavery was granted freedom much earlier than in the South. Output per unit of input was greater on large slave plantations than on small free-family farms.
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