Delta waves are associated with the deep sleep stages: stage 3 and REM. During stage 3, less than half of brain waves consist of delta waves, while more than half of brain activity consists of delta waves during REM sleep.
As a person transitions from being awake to falling asleep, alpha waves are replaced by theta waves. Sleep spindles and K-complexes emerge in stage 2 sleep. Stage 3 and stage 4 are described as slow-wave sleep that is marked by a predominance of delta waves.
Indeed, they distinguished two groups of delta waves occurring during REM sleep: slower (<2 Hz) waves, recorded in medial-occipital regions, present in both NREM and REM sleep, and faster (2.5–3 Hz), REM-sleep-exclusive, frontocentral/occipitotemporal “sawtooth” waves.
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