When high levels of leptin no longer reduce appetite, as happens in obesity, individuals experience leptin resistance.
Leptin and Hunger
Leptin is produced by the adipose tissue which aids in maintaining the weight of the body. It regulates hunger by creating the feeling of fullness (sensation of satiety). Leptin inhibits hunger and prevents the generation of hunger responses when it does not require calories. Leptin acts on the brain stem and hypothalamus even though leptin receptors can be found all over the body.
It works in the long term and does not control the day-to-day food intake or hunger levels. It is more effective when the person loses weight. As the levels of adipose tissue go down, so does the leptin production which makes the brain think that the body is starving.
Leptin resistance is the lack of the brain to respond to leptin like it normally does. This is caused by the brain being stimulated constantly. This also makes the body use less energy to conserve calories. This results in obesity.
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