The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by: Group of answer choices Using that energy to pump protons Using that energy to rotate the flagella Using that energy to phosphorylate compounds Using that energy to create carbon compounds

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The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by Using that energy to pump protons.

  • By transferring electrons during chemical reactions, catabolic pathways break down organic molecules, generating energy that is then used to produce ATP.
  • In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the process of losing electrons (making a chemical more positive) is referred to as oxidation, while the process of gaining electrons (making a substance more negative) is referred to as reduction.
  • The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which causes an H+ accumulation in the inner membrane space.
  • The direct energy source for ATP synthesis is this proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing via the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase.

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