C) An executive branch organization that is established by Congress.
Federal executive departments (those led by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President do not constitute independent entities of the United States government. In a more specific sense, the term only refers to those independent agencies that, despite being regarded as members of the executive branch, have the power to regulate or make rules and are exempt from presidential control, typically because of the president's ability to fire the agency's head or a member is constrained.
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