Miguel developed a research question on the act of smiling, but he realized that it was yielding too much information because it was too broad. However, Miguel found information about smiling that surprised him.

Miguel’s research question: How does smiling affect people?

Information that Miguel discovered: People may be more critical of smiles when the person smiling is trying to persuade the person to do or believe something.

Miguel decides to revise his research question to focus on this new information. Which question best supports his new goal?

Can smiling be perceived as negative?
When and why do people respond critically to smiles?
What types of persuasive strategies do people use on others?