In this question we summarize the steps of glycolysis which is a process that occurs through a series of 10 reactions divided into two steps using the key terms ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, glucose and pyruvate.
Steps of glycolysis
1st stage
This step, also known as the preparatory phase or investment phase, consists of five reactions:
1. Phosphorylation of the glucose molecule occurs, in which it receives phosphate from the ATP molecule, forming glucose 6-phosphate;
2. The glucose 6-phosphate molecule undergoes a rearrangement and forms fructose 6-phosphate;
3. Another ATP molecule supplies phosphate to the fructose 6-phosphate molecule, giving rise to fructose 1,6-diphosphate;
4. The fructose 1, 6-diphosphate molecule undergoes a rearrangement, with the opening of its benzene ring, giving rise to two molecules with three carbons each: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroaxethone phosphate;
5. The dihydroaxethone molecule undergoes a rearrangement giving rise to another glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecule.
It can be seen that at the end of this first phase, there was only energy expenditure, with the conversion of two ATP molecules into ADP.
→ 2nd stage
This stage, also known as the profit or energy compensation stage, involves energy gain and also consists of five stages, described below:
6. Two molecules of NAD+ (nicotinamide dinucleotide and adenine) are reduced to two molecules of NADH with electrons from the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate;
7. Each molecule of 1,3 – diphosphoglycerate yields a phosphate to one molecule of ADP, thus giving rise to two molecules of ATP and two molecules of 3 – phosphoglycerate;
8. A rearrangement of 3 – phosphoglycerate molecules occurs, forming 2 – phosphoglycerate;
9. The 2 – phosphoglycerate molecules lose a H2O molecule, giving rise to phosphoenolpyruvate;
10. Phosphoenolpyruvate molecules provide a phosphate to an ADP molecule, yielding two ATP and two pyruvate molecules.
With this information, we summarize the steps of glycolysis which is a process that occurs through a series of 10 reactions divided into two steps using the key terms ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, glucose and pyruvate.
Learn more about glycolysis in brainly.com/question/10886602
