Considering historical perspective, ONE-way ethnic divisions affected the development of land-based empires in the period 1450-1750 is that "there are persistent uprising against the government or empire policies and administration."
This is evident in the administration of land-based empires such as the Ottoman Empire, which experienced over ten crucial uprisings during this period from the people of different ethnic groups and beliefs.
Also, in Songhai in Empire, civil unrest allowed the Morrocan army to invade the empire, which led to its fall around 1591.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is "persistent uprising against the government or empire policies and administration."
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