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Salt is an important mineral for human bodies to survive, not to mention that it tastes good if you know what food to put it on. Gold was a valued precious metal, and sometimes was used as currency in coinage, and was also used in jewelry. The African kingdoms had lots of both, as there were many gold deposits and areas where salt could be mined or harvested from.
The gold-salt trade in Africa made Ghana a powerful empire because they controlled the trade routes and taxed traders. Control of gold-salt trade routes helped Ghana, Mali, and Songhai to become large and powerful West African kingdoms. ... Trade routes were most responsible for aiding the early spread of Islam.