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(3 b ^ ? ) ^ 2 means this:

( 3 b ^ ?  ) times (3 b ^ ? )

Read the entire problem as 3 times b to the mystery power  times 3 times b to the same power equals 9 b ^ 10 .

3 times 3 = 9.

b raised to what power times b raised to that same power = b^10.

That is b^5 because  b^5 times b^5 = b^10.

Answer:  5 is the missing power of b

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4 is the missing power for the second question

(m^2 n)^4 = m^(2*4) * n^4 = m^8 n^4