Answer:
5. Each three nucleotides in the gene template DNA codes for a three nucleotide codon in mRNA.
2. Each codon in mRNA codes for a specific amino acid.
1. The codon sequence in mRNA determines the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide.
3. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines how the protein will fold and possibly bind with other polypeptides to form a mature protein.
4. The final structure of a protein determines its function.
Explanation:
The process of gene expression follows the central dogma of biology I.e. Gene (DNA) --> mRNA ---> Protein. The process of gene forming mRNA is called transcription while the process of mRNA forming protein is called translation.
Based on this, the order of the flow of information from the DNA sequence to a functional protein is:
- Each three nucleotides in the gene template DNA codes for a three nucleotide codon in mRNA (transcription).
- Each codon in mRNA codes for a specific amino acid.
- The codon sequence in mRNA determines the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide (translation).
- The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines how the protein will fold and possibly bind with other polypeptides to form a mature protein.
- The final structure of a proteiin determines its function.
The order is 'three nucleotides in DNA codes for a codon', 'each codon codes an amino acid', 'codon sequence determine amino acid sequence', 'amino acids determine protein folding' and 'final protein structure determines its function'.
During gene transcription, a fragment of DNA referred to as 'gene' is used as a template to create an mRNA, which is then used to synthesize a polypeptide.
The triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in the mRNA sequence determine the amino acid sequence in the nascent polypeptide chain.
The synthesized protein is then folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thus adopts its three-dimensional (3D) conformation.
Protein folding is achieved by specific proteins called chaperones that help to correctly fold the protein, which adopts a mature conformational active state.
In conclusion, the order is 'three nucleotides in DNA codes for a codon', 'each codon codes an amino acid', 'codon sequence determine amino acid sequence', 'amino acids determine protein folding' and 'final protein structure determines its function' (order 52134).
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