Ellen is a recent college graduate. She has decided to open a T-Shirt business and would like to create budget worksheet using Microsoft Excel 2016. She need to keep track of her expenses and income for the year. Ellen has entered all of her monthly expenses. She needs to create a formula that will deduct her monthly expenses from her monthly income. Since her monthly income is the same amount each month, she uses a(n)____ to identify the cell containing the income value.

When working on the computer system using Microsoft Excel and the operator wants to fix the position of a chosen cell in any formula in order for there not to be a change in value whenever the cell is changed or when the formula is copied to other sheets or cells, ABSOLUTE REFERENCE is used.

To use absolute reference, the dollar (“$”) sign is placed before and after the name of the column of the chosen cell. It can also be done by typing F4 key as this will cover the column name with the dollar sign. Since Ellen's monthly income is thesame, she can use an absolute reference.