d. their color in a non-polar solvent.
Halogens
- Halogens present in an organic compound forms sodium halide on fusion with sodium metal.
- Sodium halide extracted with water can be easily identified by adding silver nitrate solution after acidifying with dil. HNO₃.
- If chlorine is present, a white curdy precipitate soluble in ammonium hydroxide solution is formed.
- The absence of a precipitate with fluoride ions is unhelpful unless it is known that a halogen is present; otherwise, it indicates that there is no chloride, bromide, or iodide.
Thus, good confirmatory test for free halogens is silver nitrate solution test, which test for color in a non-polar solvent, i.e. option d.
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