Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of_______.

A) the random and independent way in which cach pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis.
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
E) all of the above .

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of the random and independent way in which cach pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis.

Meiosis is the process by which cells that we call gametes are formed and whose main characteristic is that they have half the DNA of the rest of the individual's cells.

This half of DNA is not random, each gamete contains a complete set of genes located in a complete chromosomal set.

Furthermore, this complete chromosomal set, through recombination and random segregation, turns out to be a mixture of the two sets that the original individual possesses.

In metaphase I, the bivalents are located on the equatorial plate and the centromeres of each homologous chromosome are directed or cooriented towards a different pole of the cell.

The orientation of the chromosomes within the bivalent is random and does not depend on whether it is paternal or maternal or on how the other bivalents orient.

That is why in metaphase I we say that the Mendelian principle of the Independent assortment occurs since chromosomes of maternal or paternal origin will go randomly to each pole.

Therefore, we can conclude that independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of the random and independent way in which cach pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis.

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