Answer:
a. They are making attributions.
Explanation:
Fritz Heider has given the attributions theory in psychology during the 20th century. Attribution theory is defined as the way people describe their behavior or conduct and that of others. As per this theory, people make attributions to explain the external or psychological cause in determining behavior. Attribution bias occurs when people assess reasons for other's and their behavior, also known as a cognitive bias.
According to Fritz Heider, factors that affect attributions are: task difficulty, efforts, luck etc.
