EARTH SCIENCE
1. Select the correct answers from the list.
Scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of BLANK, where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. These are BLANK and do not move with tectonic plates. They are responsible for the creation of BLANK island chains.

2. What main process do all volcanoes have in common, regardless of the specific ways they form?
a rising magma
b plate subduction*
c hotspots
d plate divergence

3. Describe how plant fossils found at Svalbard in Norway gave evidence of drifting continents.
a They were found only in that one location.
b They were plants that became extinct millions of years earlier.
c They were found in glacial deposits.*
d They were warm climate plants that would not grow in a cold polar area.

4. Which features would you look for to classify a volcano? Select the three correct answers.
a height*
b steepness*
c color
d type of lava
e presence of foliage*
f age of rock

5. What will happen where two continental plates collide at a convergent boundary?

a One plate is subducted beneath the other.
b The direction shifts and it becomes a transform boundary.
c The plates push up, forming a mountain range.***
d A volcanic island arc is formed.

Scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of hotspot magmatism, where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. These are mantle plumes and do not move with tectonic plates. They are responsible for the creation of volcanic island chains such as Hawaii.

Hotspot magmatism occurs far away from lithospheric plates. They result from rising mantle plumes which does not move with the plate thereby when they reach the surface, they cool and solidify to form series of volcanic island chains.

2. a rising magma

All volcanoes have rising magma. In fact, volcanoes are surface features formed by magma that reaches the earth surface.

3. d They were warm climate plants that would not grow in a cold polar area.

These fossil types might have spread when the continental masses were joined together. As oceans came up, continents drifted to their present position due to plate tectonics.

4. Type of lava, steepness, height

when we talk about volcanoes, earth scientists are interested in a couple of factors such as lava types, steepness, height of volcano, viscosity, explosivity and the likes.

5. c The plates push up, forming a mountain range.***

At collision margin between two continental plates having similar rock densities, a push up will occur. This woud lead to the formation of mountain ranges around due to the collision.