Solid wastes can contain minerals and other chemicals which are toxic in high enough concentrations. Some minerals are good for soils, like iron. As iron rusts, iron oxides are incorporated into soil. But some minerals such as heavy metals are toxic and harm the organisms living in soils.
Solid waste also needs somewhere to go. If managed adequately, it is placed in sinkholes and disused quarries. Sometimes people will instead dump it in natural areas because it is cheaper or more convenient for them. This affects the habitat of the area as plants cannot grow where an object rests on soil. However depending on the material, some animals, fungi and plants may benefit from it as they can use it as refuge from predators or shelter from too much sun, heat, rain etc.
Reducing solid waste can be achieved by recycling, not in the economic sense but actually reusing things when they no longer function in their intended form. This was always done in the past, but post world war II the developed nations converted to consumption driven societies where things became disposable and people lost the skills needed to fix items as it was cheap enough to just dump them and buy new ones. So there are many elements to the problem, and encouraging reuse would require good reasons for people to reuse items which in the past were based on the costs of not using them. Recycling centres that pick up solid waste can greatly reduce the illegal dumping of this material provided it occurs frequently enough.
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