Goodwin et al. conducted a study in which subjects were sober or had a couple of drinks prior to studying words, then got tested sober or having had a couple of drinks before the test. What did they find?

a. Studying while sober was consistently best.
b. Testing while sober was consistently best.
c. Having a couple of drinks before the test was better than being sober, if subjects had a couple of drinks prior to the original study.
d. The subjects' physiological state did not significantly affect memory performance.