The classical experiment, if coupled with proper subject selection and assignment, addresses most problems of internal invalidity. Does this experimental design guard against the problem of testing? If so, how? If not, why not?
O Yes, the group affected by testing just becomes the control group.
O Yes, any effect of testing that might affect the experimental group should also affect the control group.
O No, it is better not to use tests. 7
O No, the statistics presume no effect of testing.