30. The internal and external calli are replaced by ________.
hyaline cartilage
trabecular bone
osteogenic cells
osteoclasts
31. The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ________ bone.
compact
lamellar
spongy
dense
32. Wolff’s law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ________
a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.
a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left.
a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture.
a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete.
33. Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking.
vitamin D
vitamin K
calcitonin
fluoride
34. Which one of the following foods is best for bone health?
carrots
liver
leafy green vegetables
oranges
35. Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?
estrogen and testosterone
calcitonin and calcitriol
growth hormone and parathyroid hormone
thyroxine and progesterone
36. With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?
estrogen and testosterone
calcitonin and calcitriol
estrogen and progesterone
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
37. When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected?
skeletal system
endocrine system
digestive system
nervous system
38. All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except
thyroxine
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
39. Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?
thyroxine
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D