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Answer:

the valency of an element is its combining capacity that is the number of electrons it requires to lose, gain or share in order to become neutral.

[ An element can become neutral if it completes it's octet. That is if an element has 8 electrons in it'd outermost shell then it is considered neutral ]

  • The valence of Magnesium is 2 because it requires to lose 2 electrons to become neutral.

  • whereas, the valence of Oxygen is 2 because it needs to gain 2 electrons to become stable.

Hence they both have the same valence.

One may say that oxygen's valence is -2 while that of Magnesium is + 2. It's meaning is still the same but "-" sign indicates that oxygen will be gaining electrons in the process of becoming stable.

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