Formal fallacy. A formal fallacy is an error in the argument's form.[2] All formal fallacies are types of non sequitur.
Appeal to probability – a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case).[3][4]
Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if an argument is fallacious, then the conclusion is false.[5]
Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.[6]
Conjunction fallacy – the assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.[7]
Masked-man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one
